There are several options:
Private transfer 3 hours - car or bus collect from airport or hotel in Cebu
This is the easiest but most expensive
Bus 4 hours - There are aircon/non aircon ceres buses and GT express buses
running hourly from Cebu City north bus terminal
These are nice and cheap P160 but a bit slower and can be crowded.
Your transfer vehicle or bus will drop you off at Maya Port, from here you
need to transfer onto a small ferry craft for the 30 minute transfer to Malapascua.
Beware of people trying to hire you a boat or pay for the whole ferry to leave
straight away, it goes every hour (daylight only) whether it is full or not.
Be patient and wait.
Be aware that the ferry boat only runs during daylight hours, so make sure
you are arriving at Maya before 4pm when the last ferry crosses, it is still
possible to cross after but you will have to pay a special rate for a boat
to take you across.
Also some accommodation on the Island have thier own transfers and boats,
just check on the price first if you are on a budget.